Patrick James Codd

Research Themes

Biomechanics & Biomaterials, Robotics & Autonomy

Education

• M.D. Harvard Medical School, 2008

Trainings & Certifications

• General Surgery Intern, Massachusetts General Hospital, GENERAL SURGERY 2008 - 2009 (2008 - 2009) Massachusetts General Hospital
• Neurosurgery Resident, Massachusetts General Hospital, SURGERY 2009 - 2014 (2009 - 2014) Massachusetts General Hospital

Positions

• Associate Professor of Neurosurgery
• Associate Professor in the Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
• Associate Professor in Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences
• Core Faculty in Innovation & Entrepreneurship
• Member of the Duke Cancer Institute

Courses Taught

• NEUROSCI 493: Research Independent Study 1
• ME 592: Research Independent Study in Mechanical Engineering or Material Science
• ME 591: Research Independent Study in Mechanical Engineering or Material Science
• ME 492: Special Projects in Mechanical Engineering
• ME 491: Special Projects in Mechanical Engineering
• EGR 393: Research Projects in Engineering
• ECE 494: Projects in Electrical and Computer Engineering
• ECE 493: Projects in Electrical and Computer Engineering
• BME 899: Special Readings in Biomedical Engineering

Publications

• Yarden JA, Codd PJ, Abi Hachem R, Hauck EF. Venous sinus stenting for patients with encephaloceles: illustrative cases. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. 2025 May 5;9(18).
• Finlay JB, Hachem RA, Codd P, Goldstein BJ. Patient-derived organoid model of olfactory ensheathing cell tumor. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2025 Feb;15(2):195u20139.
• Raman AP, Zachem TJ, Plumlee S, Park C, Eward W, Codd PJ, et al. Machine learning approaches in non-contact autofluorescence spectrum classification. PLOS Digit Health. 2024 Oct;3(10):e0000602.
• Sperber J, Zachem TJ, Prakash R, Owolo E, Yamamoto K, Nguyen AD, et al. A blinded study using laser induced endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy to differentiate ex vivo spine tumor, healthy muscle, and healthy bone. Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 22;14(1):1921.
• Finlay JB, Issa K, Ackall F, Zomorodi A, Codd P, Jang DW, et al. Safety and Feasibility of Steroid-Eluting Stent as a Bolster in Endoscopic Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2024 Jan;133(1):43u20139.
• Moradkhani B, Kheradmand P, Jella H, Yamamoto KK, Tofangchi A, Codd PJ, et al. An FBG-based Stiffness Estimation Sensor for In-vivo Diagnostics. In: 2024 International Symposium on Medical Robotics Ismr 2024. 2024.
• Lazutkin A, Hachem RA, Codd PJ, Zomorodi AR, Jang DW. Use of Tympanostomy T-Tube for Endoscopic Endonasal Marsupialization of Small Rathke's Cleft Cysts: A Case Series. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2023 Aug;84(4):401u20134.
• Ma G, Prakash R, Mann B, Ross W, Codd P. 3D Laser-and-tissue Agnostic Data-driven Method for Robotic Laser Surgical Planning. https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.01524. 2023.
• Prakash R, Yamamoto KK, Oca SR, Ross W, Codd PJ. Brain-Mimicking Phantom for Photoablation and Visualization. Int Symp Med Robot. 2023 Apr;2023.
• Ma G, Ross W, Codd PJ. N-mirror Robot System for Laser Surgery: A Simulation Study. In: Int Symp Med Robot. 2023.
• Koga SF, Hodges WB, Adamyan H, Hayes T, Fecci PE, Tsvankin V, et al. Preoperative validation of edema-corrected tractography in neurosurgical practice: translating surgeon insights into novel software implementation. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1322815.
• Ma G, Prakash R, Mann B, Ross W, Codd P. 3D Laser-and-Tissue Agnostic Data-Driven Method for Robotic Laser Surgical Planning. In: IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. 2023. p. 8446u201353.
• Rahimpour S, Zomorodi AR, Codd PJ, Krucoff MO, Friedman AH, Gonzalez LF. Approaches to the Cerebellopontine Angle. In: Surgery of the Cerebellopontine Angle Second Edition. 2023. p. 61u201370.
• Helmkamp JK, Le E, Hill I, Hein R, Mithani S, Codd P, et al. Addressing Surgical Instrument Oversupply: A Focused Literature Review and Case-Study in Orthopedic Hand Surgery. Hand (N Y). 2022 Nov;17(6):1250u20136.
• Hill I, Olivere L, Helmkamp J, Le E, Hill W, Wahlstedt J, et al. Measuring intraoperative surgical instrument use with radio-frequency identification. JAMIA Open. 2022 Apr;5(1):ooac003.
• Ma G, Ross W, Codd P. Robotic Laser Orientation Planning with a 3D Data-driven Method. 2022.
• Tucker M, Lacayo M, Joseph S, Ross W, Chongsathidkiet P, Fecci P, et al. Creation of Non-Contact Device for Use in Metastatic Melanoma Margin Identification in ex vivo Mouse Brain. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. 2022;11945.
• Ma G, Ross W, Codd PJ. StereoCNC: A Stereovision-guided Robotic Laser System. In: Proceedings of the . IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. 2021. p. 540u20137.
• Olivere LA, Hill IT, Thomas SM, Codd PJ, Rosenberger LH. Radiofrequency Identification Track for Tray Optimization: An Instrument Utilization Pilot Study in Surgical Oncology. J Surg Res. 2021 Aug;264:490u20138.
• Tucker M, Ma G, Ross W, Buckland DM, Codd PJ. Creation of an Automated Fluorescence Guided Tumor Ablation System. IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med. 2021;9:4300109.
• Ma G, Oca SR, Zhu Y, Codd PJ, Buckland DM. A Novel Robotic System for Ultrasound-guided Peripheral Vascular Localization. In: Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. 2021. p. 12321u20137.
• Ma G, Ross W, Tucker M, Hsu P-C, Buckland DM, Codd PJ. Touch-Point Detection Using Thermal Video With Applications to Prevent Indirect Virus Spread. IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med. 2021;9:4900711.
• Raikundalia MD, Huang RJ, Chan L, Truong T, Kuchibhatla M, Merchant J, et al. Olfactory-Specific Quality of Life Outcomes after Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery of the Sella. Allergy Rhinol (Providence). 2021;12:21526567211045040.
• Rahimpour S, Cho J, Goodwin CR, Codd P. In Reply to the Letter to the Editor Regarding "Enhancing Reality: A Systematic Review of Augmented Reality in Neuronavigation and Education". World Neurosurg. 2020 Aug;140:432.
• Cho J, Rahimpour S, Cutler A, Goodwin CR, Lad SP, Codd P. Enhancing Reality: A Systematic Review of Augmented Reality in Neuronavigation and Education. World Neurosurg. 2020 Jul;139:186u201395.
• Kemeny HR, Elsamadicy AA, Farber SH, Champion CD, Lorrey SJ, Chongsathidkiet P, et al. Targeting PD-L1 Initiates Effective Antitumor Immunity in a Murine Model of Cushing Disease. Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Mar 1;26(5):1141u201351.
• Ma G, Ross W, Tucker M, Codd P. Characterization of photoablation versus incidence angle in soft tissue laser surgery: An experimental phantom study. In: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE. 2020.
• Olivere LA, Hill I, Thomas SM, Codd PJ, Rosenberger LH. Radiofrequency Identification Tracking for Tray Optimization: An Instrument Use Pilot Study in Breast Surgical Oncology. In: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS. 2020. p. S147u2013S147.
• Choi KJ, Jang DW, Zomorodi AR, Codd PJ, Friedman A, Abi Hachem R. Novel Application of Steroid Eluting Stent in Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granuloma. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2019 Oct;80(5):500u20134.
• Hobohm RE, Codd P, Malinzak MD. Ectopic cerebellar brain parenchyma. Neurographics. 2019 Aug 1;9(4):285u20137.
• Choi KJ, Ackall FY, Truong T, Cheng TZ, Kuchibhatla M, Zomorodi AR, et al. Sinonasal Quality of Life Outcomes After Extended Endonasal Approaches to the Skull Base. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2019 Aug;80(4):416u201323.
• Ma G, Ross WA, Hill I, Narasimhan N, Codd PJ. A novel laser scalpel system for computer-assisted laser surgery. In: Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. 2019. p. 386u201392.
• Tan CL, Pang YH, Lim KHC, Sein L, Codd PJ, McLendon RE. Two Extraordinary Sellar Neuronal Tumors: Literature Review and Comparison of Clinicopathologic Features. Am J Clin Pathol. 2019 Feb 4;151(3):241u201354.
• Ross W, Tucker M, Ma G, Codd P. Model for and analysis of intraoperative brain tumor boundary detection based on known spectral signatures of glioblastoma. In: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE. 2019.
• Tucker MB, Joseph S, Ross W, Ma G, Chongsathidkiet P, Fecci P, et al. Creation of a non-contact, automated brain tumor detection device for use in brain tumor resection. In: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE. 2019.
• Ross WA, Hill WM, Hoang KB, Laarakker AS, Mann BP, Codd PJ. Automating neurosurgical tumor resection surgery: Volumetric laser ablation of cadaveric porcine brain with integrated surface mapping. Lasers Surg Med. 2018 Dec;50(10):1017u201324.
• Charalambous LT, Penumaka A, Komisarow JM, Hemmerich AC, Cummings TJ, Codd PJ, et al. Masson's tumor of the pineal region: case report. J Neurosurg. 2018 Jun;128(6):1725u201330.
• Cobb MI-PH, Crowson M, Mintz-Cole R, Husain AM, Berger M, Jang D, et al. Transnasal Transsphenoidal Elevation of Optic Chiasm in Secondary Empty Sella Syndrome Following Prolactinoma Treatment. World Neurosurg. 2018 Apr;112:250u20133.
• Mehta V, Harward SC, Sankey EW, Nayar G, Codd PJ. Evidence based diagnosis and management of chronic subdural hematoma: A review of the literature. J Clin Neurosci. 2018 Apr;50:7u201315.
• Hachem R, Jang D, Choi K, Zomorodi A, Codd P, Friedman A, et al. Novel Application of Steroid-Eluting Stent in Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granuloma Approached Endonasally: A Case Series. Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base. 2018 Feb;79(S 01):S1u2013188.
• Tucker MB, Wallace C, Mantena S, Cornwell N, Ross W, Odion R, et al. Creation of an optically tunable, solid tissue phantom for use in cancer detection. In: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE. 2018.
• Ross W, Cornwell N, Tucker M, Mann B, Codd P. Optimized path planning for soft tissue resection via laser vaporization. In: Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging Proceedings of SPIE. 2018.
• Butler WE, Agarwalla PK, Codd P. CSF in the ventricles of the brain behaves as a relay medium for arteriovenous pulse wave phase coupling. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0181025.
• Agarwalla PK, Koch MJ, Mordes DA, Codd PJ, Coumans J-V. Pigmented Lesions of the Nervous System and the Neural Crest: Lessons From Embryology. Neurosurgery. 2016 Jan;78(1):142u201355.
• Johnson MR, Codd PJ, Hill WM, Boettcher T. Ablation of porcine ligamentum flavum with Ho:YAG, q-switched Ho:YAG, and quadrupled Nd:YAG lasers. Lasers Surg Med. 2015 Dec;47(10):839u201351.
• Friedman GN, Grannan BL, Nahed BV, Codd PJ. Initial Experience with High-Definition Camera-On-a-Chip Flexible Endoscopy for Intraventricular Neurosurgery. World Neurosurg. 2015 Dec;84(6):2053u20138.
• Alvarez-Breckenridge CA, Attiah MA, Zachariah M, Gummadavelli A, Yang J, Codd PJ. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for POEMS syndrome. J Clin Neurosci. 2015 Oct;22(10):1672u20134.
• Koffie RM, Stapleton CJ, Torok CM, Yoo AJ, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Codd PJ. Rapid growth of an infectious intracranial aneurysm with catastrophic intracranial hemorrhage. J Clin Neurosci. 2015 Mar;22(3):603u20135.
• Bergeles C, Gosline AH, Vasilyev NV, Codd PJ, Del Nido PJ, Dupont PE. Concentric tube robot design and optimization based on task and anatomical constraints. IEEE Transactions on Robotics. 2015 Feb 1;31(1):67u201384.
• Thum JA, Codd PJ, Butler WE. Motor developmental delay in a healthy 11-month-old infant. J Clin Neurosci. 2014 Aug;21(8):1436u201371.
• Yang JC, Aronson JP, Dunn GP, Codd PJ, Buchbinder BR, Eskandar EN. Three-dimensional brain surface visualization for epilepsy surgery of focal cortical dysplasia. J Clin Neurosci. 2014 Jul;21(7):1230u20132.
• Codd PJ, Veaceslav A, Gosline AH, Dupont PE. Novel pressure-sensing skin for detecting impending tissue damage during neuroendoscopy: Laboratory investigation. Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics. 2014 Jan 1;13(1):114u201321.
• Codd PJ, Venteicher AS, Agarwalla PK, Kahle KT, Jho DH. Endoscopic burr hole evacuation of an acute subdural hematoma. J Clin Neurosci. 2013 Dec;20(12):1751u20133.
• Vasilyev NV, Gosline AH, Butler E, Lang N, Codd PJ, Yamauchi H, et al. Percutaneous steerable robotic tool delivery platform and metal microelectromechanical systems device for tissue manipulation and approximation: closure of patent foramen ovale in an animal model. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2013 Aug;6(4):468u201375.
• Codd PJ, Agarwalla PK, Berry-Candelario J, Nahed BV. Kernohan-woltman notch phenomenon in acute subdural hematoma. JAMA Neurology. 2013 Jan 1;70(9):1194u20135.
• Butler EJ, Hammond-Oakley R, Chawarski S, Gosline AH, Codd P, Anor T, et al. Robotic neuro-emdoscope with concentric tube augmentation. IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. 2012 Dec 1;2941u20136.
• Codd PJ, Madsen JR. Comments. Neurosurgery. 2012 Apr 1;70(4):795.
• Stapleton CJ, Walcott BP, Kahle KT, Codd PJ, Nahed BV, Chen L, et al. Diffuse central neurocytoma with craniospinal dissemination. J Clin Neurosci. 2012 Jan;19(1):163u20136.
• Hanak BW, Walcott BP, Codd PJ, Jones PS, Nahed BV, Butler WE, et al. Fourth ventricular neurocystercercosis presenting with acute hydrocephalus. Journal of clinical neuroscienceu202f: official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia. 2011 Jun;18(6):867u20139.
• Klimo P, Codd PJ, Grier H, Goumnerova LC. Primary pediatric intraspinal sarcomas. Report of 3 cases. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2009 Sep;4(3):222u20139.
• Codd PJ, Scott RM, Smith ER. Seckel syndrome and moyamoya. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2009 Apr;3(4):320u20134.
• Codd PJ, Mitha AP, Ogilvy CS. A recurrent cerebral arteriovenous malformation in an adult. J Neurosurg. 2008 Sep;109(3):486u201391.
• Cahill DP, Codd PJ, Batchelor TT, Curry WT, Louis DN. MSH6 inactivation and emergent temozolomide resistance in human glioblastomas. Clin Neurosurg. 2008;55:165u201371.
• Cahill DP, Levine KK, Betensky RA, Codd PJ, Romany CA, Reavie LB, et al. Loss of the mismatch repair protein MSH6 in human glioblastomas is associated with tumor progression during temozolomide treatment. Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Apr 1;13(7):2038u201345.
• Codd PJ, Riesenburger RI, Klimo P, Slotkin JR, Smith ER. Vertebra plana due to an aneurysmal bone cyst of the lumbar spine. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 2006 Dec;105(6 Suppl):490u20135.

In The News

• Duke MEDx: A Better Way to Clean Public Spaces, Reduce Disease Transmission (Jul 8, 2021 | Duke MEDx)
• Inventing New Ways of Doing Brain Surgery (Jan 13, 2020 | Duke Research Blog)
• As a Buddhist Priest, Neurosurgeon Finds Deep Connection with Patients (Jul 17, 2018 | Duke Health Blog)
• Brain Surgery May Get A Bit Easier, With Augmented Reality (Oct 5, 2016 | )
• New Clinic Offers Multidisciplinary Approach to Pituitary Tumors (Mar 15, 2016 | Clinical Practice Today)